Effectiveness of Physiotherapeutic Interventions for Early Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Emphasis on the Schroth Method

Abstract

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a complex and prevalent three-dimensional spinal deformity characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine and vertebral rotation, most commonly manifesting during periods of rapid growth in early teenage years, typically between the ages of 10 and 18. This comprehensive review critically examines current conservative, non-surgical treatment strategies for AIS, with a particular emphasis on the growing body of evidence supporting Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercises (PSSE). Among these, the Schroth Method stands out as a highly specialized and widely recognized approach. Specifically targeted at adolescents aged 13 to 15, the Schroth Method is an individualized exercise program that combines unique principles of customized postural corrections, muscle strengthening, and specialized rotational angular breathing techniques. These components work synergistically to address the specific patterns of spinal misalignments, improve trunk stability, restore muscular symmetry around the torso, and enhance spinal flexibility. The core objective is to de-rotate, deflex, and elongate the spine. By systematically evaluating current literature, this paper highlights the significant effectiveness of early intervention with PSSE in managing the progression of scoliosis, particularly in reducing Cobb angle progression, improving postural alignment, and enhancing overall functional outcomes. Furthermore, the review explores how these targeted exercises contribute to a better quality of life for adolescents with AIS by alleviating pain, improving body image, and increasing physical activity levels. The study ultimately emphasizes the crucial importance of integrating structured, evidence-based physiotherapy, such as the Schroth Method, into the routine care pathway for AIS patients. Such proactive and holistic conservative management aims to delay or, in many cases, entirely prevent the need for more invasive surgical correction, offering a vital alternative for affected adolescents.