European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies
type: channel
description: European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (EJMS) is a multidisciplinary, open-access, and peer-reviewed research journal. EJMS welcomes and acknowledges high-quality theoretical and empirical original research papers in the fields of Humanities and Multidisciplinary Studies, case studies, review articles, literature reviews, book reviews, conceptual frameworks, analytical and simulation models, and technical notes from researchers, academicians, professional and practitioners from all over the world. Contemporary societies face many complex issues due to globalization. Therefore, a multidisciplinary research approach is required in various scientific fields to contribute together to society's wellbeing.
publisher: Revistia
language: en
publication name: European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies
issn: 2414-8377
items: Slobodan Milosevic in the Diplomatic Treatment during the Kosovo War Period, during Talks in the British Parliament, 1998–1999 (Abridged)
items: How Rituals and Practices Can Influence Society in Émile Durkheim's View; Example of Intercultural Communities from Romanian Society
items: The Influence of Practices through Interreligious Dialogue: Types of Participations, Issues, Solutions and Effects that Arise
items: The Problems Arising from the Application of the Right to Judgment Within a Reasonable Time Against the State of Albania
items: Project Management and Implementation of Bim in a Project in Albania
items: The Role of the European Union and the Procedure of Conclusion of International Agreements After the Lisbon Treaty
items: The European Ombudsman. Frontex and Fundamental Rights
items: Sequestration and Right to Effective Appeal Under the OFL Normative Act
items: Determining the students’ Motivation through Social Media Usage: in Abu Dhabi Schools United Arab Emirates
items: Using Oral Anticoagulant During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Albania
items: Assessing the completeness of death data and its impact on life expectancy gender gap, case of Albania
items: Latin America, the Middle East & North Africa, and Europe: Present Inclusionary and Exclusionary Forms of Rightist and Leftist Populism
items: Conflict Management in Organisations: Case of Albania
items: Between rurality and urbanity: Indicators of social integration of Albanian rural to urban migrants
items: The Challenges of Critical Thinking in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
items: Migration Phenomen and The Interpretation of The Main Influencing Factors, The Case of Albania
items: Relationship between Internet Addiction and Life Satisfaction Among Students: Case of Albania
items: Effect of Organizational Excellence on Factors of Organizational Performance in Dubai Freezones
items: The perspective of Supervisory Authorities in Albanian financial system: Markets standardization according to the EU directives
items: Analyzing the Partnership between the U.S. and Albania: Bilateral Agreements and Cooperation for 101 Years
items: Investigation of the Psychological Capital of Security Employees by Nationality and Status
items: Local governments' revenue and expenditure autonomy as a determinant of local public spending on culture. An analysis for Polish rural municipalities
items: Random Individual Facades, Informal Buildings and Aesthetic Chaos: How Can Urban Architecture Help - The Case of Tirana, Albania
items: Living, Narrating and Enhancing the Landscape Through the Ethics of Responsibility
items: Geographical Indications- a marketing strategy tool for small farms in Albania
items: The Cryptocurrency Market and The Regulatory Framework of EU Legislation
items: Albania and China: A Historical Observation of the World Press - The Beginnig of The’70s in 20th Century
items: Research on Consumers' Brain Activations by Means of Electroencephalography Method
items: Identity Issues: Turkish-Tatar Community in Dobrogea
items: Post-migration Representations of Istanbul in Turkey’s Independent Cinema

Slobodan Milosevic in the Diplomatic Treatment during the Kosovo War Period, during Talks in the British Parliament, 1998–1999 (Abridged)
type: item
description: The war in Kosovo, the final internal conflict of the Yugoslav Federation, captured the attention of Europe, particularly the United Kingdom. Parliamentary sessions extensively debated the war, with Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic as the central figure, assigning him primary responsibility for the crisis. The British government, led by Prime Minister Tony Blair, elevated the Kosovo events to a foreign policy priority, shifting its focus from Globalism to addressing the ethnic problem in Kosovo. Blair was among the first European politicians to publicly state in the House of Commons that Milosevic was carrying out ethnic cleansing. Despite close British-American cooperation, London viewed the conflict as a continental issue requiring a European resolution. While effectively a war criminal, British policy maintained that Milosevic should only be formally labeled a criminal following judgment by the Hague Tribunal. The significance of Milosevic’s treatment is evident in the government-opposition debates, which confronted differing evaluations of his actions. His ultimate decline is traced from his refusal to sign the Rambouillet Agreement. Attention was also given to the role of Russian diplomacy, which was initially praised under Boris Yeltsin for securing humanitarian intervention but later criticized for providing support to Serbia after the launch of NATO bombings. Slobodan Milosevic, the final major political figure of dictatorial Yugoslavia, received comprehensive analysis in British parliamentary talks.
subject: Articles
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creator: Marsel Nilaj
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
starting page: 109
ending page: 117
doi: 10.26417/bcz72r30

How Rituals and Practices Can Influence Society in Émile Durkheim's View; Example of Intercultural Communities from Romanian Society
type: item
description: Émile Durkheim, one of the foundational thinkers of sociology, saw religion—not simply as belief—but as a matrix of rituals, practices, and sacred symbols which perform crucial social functions. In particular, rituals sustain collective consciousness, reinforce moral norms, create social cohesion, and bridge individual existence with the social order. This article examines how rituals and religious practices influence society from Durkheim's perspective, especially in contemporary, plural, intercultural settings. It then applies those ideas to examples drawn from intercultural or multiethnic communities in Romania (especially Hungarian and Turkish-Tartar minorities) to illustrate how rituals function in maintaining solidarity, identity, negotiation of difference, and the challenges that arise. Finally, the article considers what these insights suggest for policy, education, and future research in multiethnic societies.
subject: Articles
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creator: Eksioglu Cristina-Mihaela Eksioglu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-28
publication date: 2024-12-28
starting page: 102
ending page: 108
doi: 10.26417/qdjdsm94

The Influence of Practices through Interreligious Dialogue: Types of Participations, Issues, Solutions and Effects that Arise
type: item
description: Due to technological evolution, migration, and the increasing interest in travel (business, service, health, or purely relaxing), the world is undergoing significant social, cultural, and linguistic changes. Although terms like "East," "West," and "Middle East" are still used, they have become simple "geographic" landmarks, as cultures and traditions increasingly interfere due to the formation of mixed societies. This article discusses how this "modern society"—which is forming new global cultures adapted and influenced by technology—is influenced by religious practices. It is a fact that society has been, is, and will be influenced by faith, as even the idea of unbelief is an expression of faith. Until recently, "interreligious dialogues" rarely mentioned the influence of practices, focusing instead on the clergy and representatives of religions and only discussing the Holy Books. The natural instinct to "defend" one's faith often led to quarrels or merely "tolerable endings." Crucially, the "representatives of beliefs" sometimes overlooked how ordinary people build bridges between beliefs through invitations to their practices. For instance, a Christian inviting their Muslim neighbour to the Christmas table, offering dishes while respecting the guest's "religious sacrifices," is a real example occurring globally today.
subject: Articles
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creator: Cristina-Mihaela Eksioglu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2023-12-28
publication date: 2023-12-28
starting page: 130
ending page: 140
doi: 10.26417/xzqhgq89

The Problems Arising from the Application of the Right to Judgment Within a Reasonable Time Against the State of Albania
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description: My contribution to the present conference shall address in this topic: The problems arising from the application of the right to judgment within a reasonable time against the state of Albania. This work analyzes the conditions that should completed by the heir unable to work, to be considered or not subject to Article 5,6 of the Convention. The reason for the selection of this topic, this topic was born following the decisions of the Strasbourg court in the incorrect application by the Albanian courts of Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights The research work is directed to the study of doctrine, legislation and analysis of case law for cases with the same object, where are identified about cases/decisions, the conclusions of which are discussed below. The first part focuses on the normative-legal regulation of the protection of the right to trial within a reasonable time in Albanian legislation. The second part gives a concise overview of the trial of the case within a reasonable time. The jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, the procedural moments where the institute is selected, the evolution with the changes of the civil procedure code and the practical cases judged by this court. The third part deals with the comparative analysis between practical cases. Violation of the principle of trial within a period in the case of Laçej and others against Albania, request no. 22122/08 In the Zeqo and Seat SHPC case against Albania, requests no. 61445/12, the Mulla v. Albania case, request no. 72348/11, the Mulla v. Albania case, request no. 72348/11, etc. Conclusions Changes to the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) in 2017 brought important changes to increase citizens' access to justice, providing reasonable deadlines for trial and mandatory execution, this analyzes the practical implementation of the changes undertaken, within the reform in law, in connection with the Code of Civil Procedure In the framework of the Reform in Justice, the KPC provided th…
subject: Articles
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creator: Brunela Kullolli
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 79
ending page: 92
doi: 10.26417/9xkmr059

Project Management and Implementation of Bim in a Project in Albania
type: item
description: Information technologies and systems have become a familiar, inevitable or vital part of business. Firms with a focus on information systems are trying to gather the information needed for decision-making at various levels of management. Their influence is very visible in the way a business is managed and operated. They offer not only relief and faster solutions to problems, but also quality and efficiency. This paper focuses on the implementation and impact of Building Information Modeling (BIM) on monitoring and controlling construction projects. It identifies the challenges and potentials of this technology in improving the performance of construction companies, emphasizing the need for fundamental changes in work processes to increase productivity. Additionally, a specific case illustrates the tools used for project management during the implementation of BIM. In conclusion, the study asserts that the full utilization of BIM requires significant changes in work processes to improve productivity and emphasizes that BIM is a key tool for achieving the goals of construction projects.
subject: Articles
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creator: Valma Prifti
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 93
ending page: 101
doi: 10.26417/mb0wc055

The Role of the European Union and the Procedure of Conclusion of International Agreements After the Lisbon Treaty
type: item
description: The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) in Article 218 includes all the institutions involved in the legislative decision-making of the Union, the Court of Justice and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR). The article deals with all the different stages of the life of an international agreement – i.e. negotiations, signature, conclusion, some aspects of implementation, together with the suspension of treaty obligations undertaken by Europe. Article 218 TFEU sets out the general procedure that the European Union (EU) must follow when concluding international agreements with third countries and international organizations and will apply to all EU policies, while still maintaining an intergovernmental approach to the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). The EU's primary law, profoundly revised by the Treaty of Lisbon, reflects the EU's increasingly important and widespread activity as a treaty-maker. Article 218 TFEU makes an effort to promote and support a more transparent and democratic behavior of the EU's international relations, already providing important powers for the European Parliament in determining treaty instruments adopted by Europe.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Blerina Muskaj
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Economics and Business Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.26417/5tped727

The European Ombudsman. Frontex and Fundamental Rights
type: item
description: The European Union system is characterized by the presence of the European Ombudsman (also known as the Ombudsman), a special figure, strengthened over time, which translates the will to prepare an ever wider protection of the rights recognized by European Union law, not only for European citizens, but also for residents of a member state, whether natural or legal persons. On 1 October 2013 Emily O'Reilly[1] took up the first position at the European Ombudsman and continued the path started by her predecessors in order to support the EU institutions to become more effective, transparent and accountable. This statement of purpose it is based on the binding legal value obtained from the Charter of Fundamental Rights with the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. As far as it is important for our purposes, the extension of the right to good administration in the activities of the European institutions is being strengthened.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Blerina Muskaj
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Economics and Business Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 12
ending page: 18
doi: 10.26417/bnnv2r65

Sequestration and Right to Effective Appeal Under the OFL Normative Act
type: item
description: In Albania, the Council of Ministers adopted the OFL law in 2020 to strengthen the rule of law by enabling the sequestration and confiscation of assets from individuals suspected of serious crimes, including organized crime and terrorism. Although intended to complement existing laws like the Anti-Mafia law, the OFL law is characterized by its temporary nature and urgent enactment. Despite its survival of a constitutionality challenge affirmed by the Constitutional Court in 2022, criticisms persist regarding its infringement on constitutional rights such as the right to an effective appeal and equality before the law. The law allows for asset sequestration without the presence of the affected party and provides a formal right to appeal that lacks substantive judicial review, thereby raising concerns about the violation of property rights as per the Constitution of Albania. This article explores the implications of the OFL law on fundamental rights and legal processes.
subject: Articles
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creator: Lirime Cukaj
creator: Iris Pekmezi
creator: Elsa Miha
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 37
ending page: 48
doi: 10.26417/5jh75466

Determining the students’ Motivation through Social Media Usage: in Abu Dhabi Schools United Arab Emirates
type: item
description: This research aims to explore the trends in student motivation as determined by social media usage. For addressing this objective, literature support has been provided in a reasonable manner. Furthermore, questionnaire was developed through various items from existing literature for both social media usage and collaborative learning as measured through Five points likert scale. Meanwhile, data has been collected with the help of different techniques. A valid sample response of 403 respondents from different grades ranging from 9th to 12th has been collected from different schools as situated in Abu Dhabi, UAE. The study findings have been covered through descriptive statistics and both measurement model and structural model. The results through measurement model confirm the existence of reliability and validity of the construct, whereas the findings through structural model confirms the significant impact of social media usage on core dimensions of motivation. More specifically, it is found that there is a significant impact of social media usage on psychological needs, safety needs, esteem needs, belongingness and love, and self-actualization, respectively. The study findings have provided some meaningful discussion for various policymakers specifically in the education sector. Finally, there are some limitations through which future directions are also determined.
subject: Articles
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creator: Mohamed Khalil Al Hammadi
creator: Mohd Asri Bin Mohd Noor
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-04-01
publication date: 2023-04-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 13

Using Oral Anticoagulant During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Albania
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description: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health situation characterized by a highly infectious respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. From the first burst until nowadays, the virus had a significant impact on global public health and economies, leading to widespread lockdowns, disruptions to daily life, and a significant number of hospitalizations and deaths. Therapy for COVID-19 primarily involved supportive care, such as supplemental oxygen and hydration, to help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. Antiviral medications, such as remdesivir, and corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone were also used. With the advancing of the disease, it was seen that the disease attacked the blood vessels and clot formation was a major deadly side effect of the virus. The usage of anticoagulants became priority as they could help in reducing of the risk of thrombosis and other complications associated with the virus. In this study we present a brief summary regarding increase in the usage of oral anticoagulants’ usage among Albanian population in a time slot of four years. The new virus was strongly associated and characterized with clot manifestation in the COVID-19 positive patients. The use of anticoagulants in COVID-19 is important because the virus was associated with a higher risk of thrombotic events, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and stroke.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Aida Dama
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-04-01
publication date: 2023-04-01
starting page: 14
ending page: 19

Assessing the completeness of death data and its impact on life expectancy gender gap, case of Albania
type: item
description: Estimates of completeness of death registration are crucial to estimate the usual resident population in the country as well as to produce estimates of life tables and population forecasts. Moreover, timely and reliable data on deaths are fundamental for informed decision-making in the health sector. Measurements of completeness of death registration provide timely and locally relevant feedback on system performance and can guide interventions to strengthen and improve Civil Registration System of Vital Statistics performance over time. This paper aims to give an overview of the estimates of the completeness of death data in Albania, detailing it further considering the age, sex characteristics by applying indirect method using official data. All the studies done so far, show that on national level there is an under coverage of the total number of deaths, which depending on the approach used, figure out an improvement of the death registration in Albania over the years. However, the findings of our analysis considering the age and sex dimensions show that still there exists an under coverage of female deaths, more evident in older ages. The adjusted life expectancy showed an improvement in the life expectancy gender gap. The results of this paper can be used to derive adjusted sex-age specific death rates, as far as the results allow doing so, in order to provide more accurate calculation of life expectancy, mortality and population forecasts.
subject: Articles
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creator: Majlinda Nesturi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-08-10
publication date: 2023-08-10
starting page: 84
ending page: 95

Latin America, the Middle East & North Africa, and Europe: Present Inclusionary and Exclusionary Forms of Rightist and Leftist Populism
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description: The study examines current left-wing and right-wing political behaviour and inclusionary and exclusionary practices in MENA, Latin America, and Europe and its outcomes on political developments and changes in comparative method. This study investigates the evolution and transition of contemporary rightism and leftism in these dissimilar Regions and the diverse degrees of inclusionary and inclusionary populism features of the political parties. First, it questions political conditions, behavioralism, and transitions of populism. Second, in which forms of inclusions and exclusions populism arrive on the political scene. Thus, the focus is on the latest decade from the cross-continental and cross-regional perspective. Although there is scholarly debate about contemporary populism in the European Continent (in general) and, lately, some in Latin America and MENA (Middle East and North Africa), cross-continental and regional research is lacking.
subject: Articles
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creator: Faruk Hadžić
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 49
ending page: 78
doi: 10.26417/6spj9r27

Conflict Management in Organisations: Case of Albania
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description: Nowadays, people spent almost one-third or even more of their life at work. During these hours relations with colleagues play an important role in the overall well-being of the employees, leading to job satisfaction and high performance. Sometimes, the workload, the pressure to finish the work on time, to respect deadlines, and even the daily relations with coworkers, etc., can lead to some conflicts between employees. The way employees manage conflicts happening in organizations has a crucial impact on their well-being and the culture of the organization, making conflict management an important element for human adaptability. The aim of this article is to study conflict management styles that employees in different banks in Albania use in their everyday work. Data analyses are based on the interpretation of forty-six semi-structured interviews with employees in five banks in the city of Tirana. So, qualitative design analyses are used. This study shows us that the dominant style to manage conflicts at work according to the sample that participated in this study is the compromising style.
subject: Articles
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creator: Desara Agaj
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-08-10
publication date: 2023-08-10
starting page: 110
ending page: 114

Between rurality and urbanity: Indicators of social integration of Albanian rural to urban migrants
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description: Integration of rural to urban migrants represents a complex experience of learning and adapting to a community with a new and different culture. Despite the changes in the way of living and the modifications of cultural values due to social interaction and coexistence with urban subculture, most of migrants moved from village to the city retain a sense of rurality. Internal migration in Albania often takes place in form of chain migration. Therefore, the concentration of migrants to the peripheral part of the city, rural social networks, kinship interaction, financial and social support impact their social and cultural integration to urban subculture. This paper aims to highlight indicators of social integration of Albanian migrants moved from village to the city. Data for this paper was obtained through a quantitative survey method. 400 surveys were conducted with Albanian migrants moved from villages to Korça city which remains the second most important destination, besides Tirana, for migrants from rural areas of the southeastern part of Albania. Descriptive and correlative statistical analysis was used for data interpretation. Rurality is not only a territorial unit, but derives from socially created meanings. The study showed that sense of rurality impacts the patterns and strategies of integration of rural to urban migrants to the city.
subject: Articles
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creator: Denisa Titili
creator: Irena Nikaj
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-04-01
publication date: 2023-04-01
starting page: 28
ending page: 39

The Challenges of Critical Thinking in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
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description: I argue that critical thinking is based on active learning, engaged independent thinking, and examining all information including recently impactful ChatGPT and other AI sources. Thoughtfully questioning what is being learned as well as critically and creatively analyzing and evaluating information such as AI is necessary to gain a deeper understanding as an effective thinker. Critical thinking pedagogy should also promote “portability” and citizenship, including information-based online multimedia literacy such as AI, as well as employment and professional information. This means becoming a critical thinker inside and outside the classroom and take what is learned into our personal, public, and professional lives. The article begins with an examination of four discrepancies or issues related to critical thinking in higher education. The critical thinking literature and Kenedy’s Model of Cyclical Critical Thinking will then be considered. This will be followed by the discussion and summary regarding suggested guidelines for critically evaluating AI. Finally, conclusions regarding further work including pedagogical models for teaching critical thinking in the era of AI and other future work are considered.
subject: Articles
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creator: Robert Aaron Kenedy
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 19
ending page: 36
doi: 10.26417/hfdngd20

Migration Phenomen and The Interpretation of The Main Influencing Factors, The Case of Albania
type: item
description: Albania is one of the most suitable grounds for the study of the phenomenon of migration based on its multidimensional forms, referring to international migration, internal migration, return, etc. Likewise, the Albanian state is a country that most clearly reflects the correlation between development as a whole and migration in particular. It is evident that emigration has been a major element for the country's transition towards a more developed and "modern" economy and society. If we refer to the macro level, immigrants' remittances have made a substantial contribution to the structure of the country's gross domestic product since the beginning of the 1990s, a period that also belongs to the first years of democracy in the country. Meanwhile, at the micro level, they have made a very significant contribution to the survival and progress of many Albanian families for a long time. On the other hand, the migration has been to such a degree that it has brought about a disruption of the balance of the country's population, causing a division between the highly chaotic urbanized edge of the Tirana region and the depopulation of the mountainous and hilly rural areas in north, south and interior of the country. The multiple interactions of several population and migration variables, cause a general concern for Albania's demographic and economic future. All these changes and phenomena related to migration in all its forms are based on several factors (such as historical, economic, political, social, cultural, etc.), which we will consider in this paper in order that we not only identify but also try to deal with some theories that have been tried to interpret these issues.
subject: Articles
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creator: Flavia Kolleshi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-08-10
publication date: 2023-08-10
starting page: 96
ending page: 109

Relationship between Internet Addiction and Life Satisfaction Among Students: Case of Albania
type: item
description: Nowadays, human life has become very intensive. Since we live in the age of technology and we are part of a global world, the Internet has become an indispensable part of everyday life, bringing many benefits to people. However, its excessive use can often leave to negative consequences that affect the psychological well-being of the individual as well as the evaluation and general perception that the individual has of his life. This article comes as a result of studies in the wake of further research in the field of Internet addiction among teenagers and students in our country. The purpose of this article is to study the relationship between internet addiction among students aged 18-21 in Albania and their level of life satisfaction, as well as specifically the impact that life satisfaction has on internet addiction. In this study participated 268 students from three universities in Albania. Data were collected through online completion of Young's (1998) Internet Addiction Questionnaire, and Diener's (1985) Life Satisfaction Questionnaire. The study highlighted the fact that there is a negative, statistically significant relationship between Internet addiction and the level of life satisfaction in the target group included in the study.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Desara Agaj
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-04-01
publication date: 2023-04-01
starting page: 20
ending page: 27

Effect of Organizational Excellence on Factors of Organizational Performance in Dubai Freezones
type: item
description: The importance of organizational excellence cannot be overemphasized because it allows the organization to improve its overall performance. This means organizational excellence can help any time of organization improve their performance, but only when dimensions of organizational excellence are well linked with factors of organizational performance. Therefore, the overall objective of this paper is to assess the effect of organizational excellence on factors of organizational performance in Dubai Freezones. An online questionnaire was completed by 201 respondents from Dubai Freezones which focused on determining the effects of organizational excellence on the internal and external factors of organizational performance. The data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics revealed unexpected findings. The findings reveal that organizational excellence does not have positive effect on the internal factors of organizational performance such as people and key factors. Further finding show that organizational excellence has positive effect on external factors of organizational performance which are customer and society factors. While these results show that dimensions of organizational excellence have potential to positively effect organizational performance, they also indicate that it is yet to have positive effect on certain factors of organizational performance in Dubai Freezones. The implication of these findings is that further investigation may be required to determine what variable may moderate the relationship between organizational excellence and all factors of organizational performance in Dubai Freezones in order to provide recommendations for other freezones in the UAE.
subject: Articles
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creator: Sharifa Aldarmaki
creator: Kamarul Bahari Yaakub
creator: Ahmad Amri Zainal Adnan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-08-10
publication date: 2023-08-10
starting page: 50
ending page: 63

The perspective of Supervisory Authorities in Albanian financial system: Markets standardization according to the EU directives
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description: The financial system in Albania is composed of two financial authorities and institutions, which in their missions have the monetary policies, issue of money, consumer protection, economic and financial stability, etc. The Albanian financial system is composed of two main entities such as the Bank of Albania and the Albanian Financial Supervision Authority. Both of these authorities have a fundamental role in the economy of the country, as they are not only the supervisors and regulators of the markets, such as the second level banks which are supervised by the Bank of Albania, as well as of the non-banking markets, such as the insurance markets, the securities markets as well as the markets of voluntary private pension funds, which are supervised by the Financial Supervision Authority. They are fundamental for the economy of the country since without the presence of these entities, the markets would be without a compass and full of complications that could distort free trade and encourage abuses and speculations against individuals, in security of banks activities and private firms. However, these regulators of these banking and financial markets, certainly in their functions of supervision and drafting of legislations, by-laws and regulations of the operation of these markets always refer to the Directives of the EU organizations. This paper will bring the perspectives and cooperation between each other, the functioning of these institutions, as well as the harmonization and implementation of different directives according to the markets, which regulate and turn the directives into legal and by-laws in our country.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Ardi Bezo
creator: Ismet Voka
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-08-10
publication date: 2023-08-10
starting page: 115
ending page: 124

Analyzing the Partnership between the U.S. and Albania: Bilateral Agreements and Cooperation for 101 Years
type: item
description: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the 101-year relationship between the United States and Albania, with a particular focus on bilateral agreements and cooperation. The study begins by examining the historical background of the two countries and their initial interactions, and then proceeds to explore the political and diplomatic relations between the two nations. The main hypothesis of this paper is that the partnership and cooperation between the United States and Albania have been shaped by several factors, including the geopolitical context of the region, the ideological orientations of the two nations, and the institutional frameworks that have been established to facilitate their collaborative efforts. The research question that this paper seeks to answer is: How has the relationship between the United States and Albania evolved over the years, and what are the main factors that have influenced its development? To achieve this objective, the paper adopts a mixed-methods research design that combines a systematic review of existing literature on the topic, with a qualitative analysis of primary sources such as government reports and official documents. The main findings of this paper indicate that the partnership and cooperation between the United States and Albania have been characterized by a number of bilateral agreements and initiatives in areas such as security and defense, energy, and education. While these agreements have helped to strengthen the relationship between the two nations, they have also faced a number of challenges, including corruption, organized crime, and political instability. Despite these challenges, the partnership and cooperation between the United States and Albania remain vital to promoting regional stability and advancing common interests in areas such as security, economic development, and democratic governance. As such, continued engagement and cooperation between the two nations should be a priority in the ye…
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Alida Tomja
creator: Alketa Dumani
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-08-10
publication date: 2023-08-10
starting page: 141
ending page: 157

Investigation of the Psychological Capital of Security Employees by Nationality and Status
type: item
description: The concept of psychological capital (PsyCap) recently has attracted a great deal of interest who has been studying on organizational behavior. Psychological capital can be defined as individual’s positive psychological state which contributes both personal and organizational aims and improves human performance. It is accepted that psychological capital has four components: self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resiliency. The purpose of the present study is to examine the associations of psychological capital (PsyCap) of security employees by nationality and status. In this study a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a convenience sample of 336 security employees in a military organization to establish possible relationship between psychological capital and two of demographic variables (nationality and status). The data obtained by the survey was analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 package program. In statistical analyzes, T-test and variance (ANOVA) analyzes were used. The results of the data has showed that resiliency of civil employees differs significantly from officers and noncommissioned officers. The analysis has also showed that self-efficacy and hope of Turkey participants differ significantly from European countries participants. However, no statistically significant difference has been found in resiliency of participant countiries.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Abdülkadir Avcı
creator: Ramazan Erdem
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2022-10-15
publication date: 2022-10-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p204-208

Local governments' revenue and expenditure autonomy as a determinant of local public spending on culture. An analysis for Polish rural municipalities
type: item
description: The aim of this paper is to define expenditure and revenue decentralization indicators for Polish municipalities and to analyze if and how the limits of spending and revenue autonomy influence local government spending behaviors. The expenditure decentralization is difficult to measure, that is why the analysis of the effects of limits on spending autonomy are less common in the literature than those which relate to the revenue autonomy. In this paper, I propose indicators of revenue but also expenditure decentralization for Polish municipalities. Using statistical analysis and econometric panel analysis for rural municipalities in years 2000-2014 I study if and how these indicators explain local spending policy. I focus on spending for culture using median voter demand framework. Expenditure for culture is a small part of local budgets, but vital from the social point of view. Municipalities in Poland are important creators of local cultural life, which is especially important in less developed or peripheral regions, where citizens do not have access to private cultural institutions. I present that limits in local governments spending and revenue autonomy influences the local spending behaviors. I found that those limits caused not necessarily effective cost minimizing and create the important problem of horizontal equity. At the same time in less autonomous municipalities spending are less related to citizens demand- so there are problems to attend allocative efficiency. My study presents that the problem of the effects of incomplete expenditure decentralization is very important but poorly recognized in the literature.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Agnieszka Kopańska
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2022-10-15
publication date: 2022-10-15
starting page: 16
ending page: 35
doi: 10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p222-233

Random Individual Facades, Informal Buildings and Aesthetic Chaos: How Can Urban Architecture Help - The Case of Tirana, Albania
type: item
description: In recent years, the situation of informal buildings in our country it is getting serious. There is ample evidence proving that many informal buildings have been constructed in sites decided by the entrepreneurs/ owners of the land not following any urban planning logic/ analyses, supposedly as something like that does not formally exists yet. There seem to be a correlation and causation relationship between this phenomenon and encroachment on the urban space and the loss of the archetype. Informal building has taken many definitions in Albanian context from extensions of floors and or interventions on facades to the extreme but significant cases of the occupation of public spaces. The spontaneity of the process has led to the creation of an urban chaos as far as the relationships of the citizen with urban architecture leading to a chaotic urban aesthetics. Tirana is one of developing cities that has had a “constructions boom.” The benefits as far as employment and services that “the construction boom” brought about were welcomed with such a high enthusiasm that the implications of having, in certain cases, entire areas with informal buildings have been much neglected. This unchecked phenomenon is putting in danger the heritage values of the city and their identity/archetype. The diversity has not led to any certain aesthetics, with facades lacking the minimum of basic composition and design criteria of urban architecture principles, therefore causing an irregularity on the urban areas. This is a point to raise the hypotheses: Can Urban Architecture still help with minimal cost and damage? Is there still possibility for making things right? Will time and Budgetary issues become an issue? Does political will has to be taken into account? Should Citizen Participation in decision making in Urban Architectural Improvements have a role to play and what will the instruments for this Citizen Participation be? This research paper does represent a work in progress. It analyz…
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Klea Biqiku
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-11-28
publication date: 2022-11-28
starting page: 84
ending page: 94

Living, Narrating and Enhancing the Landscape Through the Ethics of Responsibility
type: item
description: This study aims to provide some answers to the following problems regarding the landscape: 1. What does enhancing the landscape mean? 2. Upon which theoretical and operative bases is it possible to intervene in the landscape in order to enhance it? 3. How is it possible to build in a way which promotes good living while respecting the landscape and its environmental equilibrium? I intend to discuss these issues from the perspective of some considerations regarding the narrative of the landscape. Man has always provided accounts about his environment and territory thereby forming a complex idea of the landscape over time. The narrative of the landscape constitutes a sort of collective memory making the landscape a “quasi persona” that interacts with man's different actions. The basic thesis of this study is to demonstrate that each intervention in the landscape – with the intention of its enhancement and good living – should be inspired by the ethics of responsibility and, thereby, be guided by the narrative of the landscape which conveys its specific and characteristic traits.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Vereno Brugiatelli
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2022-10-15
publication date: 2022-10-15
starting page: 9
ending page: 15
doi: 10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p218-221

Geographical Indications- a marketing strategy tool for small farms in Albania
type: item
description: GIs offer a unique marketing tool for producers, differentiating their products from generic counterparts, and can enhance the market position of producers by capitalizing on the reputation and distinctiveness associated with a specific geographic region. Geographical Indication (GI) can be used as a strategy for marketing the product and the territory. It creates synergy with the preservation of cultural heritage; with consumers' value attributed to the specific qualities of that product; with the economic development and the livelihoods of rural communities. Balkan Countries are making serious efforts for creating their competitive advantage whereas Albania is still in the initial steps. One product that is expected to create synergy with the Tourism industry as a potential GI in Albania is the Winery sector.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Manuela Mece
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-08-10
publication date: 2023-08-10
starting page: 133
ending page: 140

The Cryptocurrency Market and The Regulatory Framework of EU Legislation
type: item
description: Cryptocurrencies belong to a global market without national or regional boundaries, the location of whose users is often unknown. In most jurisdictions, they do not fall within the regulatory scope in force and in any case there are no specific provisions. The EU is the first legal system that defines a framework for cryptocurrencies, a complete and timely legislation even though it does not fully achieve all the objectives it sets itself. On crypto-asset markets the European Commission published the proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on 24 September 2020 as part of the broad digital finance strategy package, which is destined to have significant and long-term effects on the system global financial as it aims to provide regulatory certainty for companies offering financial services of this type in the European legal space. Overall, the package deals with the retail payments strategy and digital finance. The first includes four legislative proposals, including MiCA2, where the Retail Payments Strategy sets out a series of specific measures for payments which, taking into account the pace and scale of technological change in the sector, go beyond the horizontal scope of the digital finance strategy. This is the first legislative initiative at European level which describes a market with ethical and secure boundaries, capable of achieving innovation and responsible competition among financial service providers by introducing a harmonized and comprehensive framework for the issuance, application and provision of crypto-asset services.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Blerina Muskaj
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-11-14
publication date: 2023-11-14
starting page: 188
ending page: 193
doi: 10.26417/bs8e0m49

Albania and China: A Historical Observation of the World Press - The Beginnig of The’70s in 20th Century
type: item
description: The Cold War years presented a variety of dynamics not only in the relationships between the two fronts, but even in the relationships within the socialist front. Albania rolled in close alliances from Yugoslavia, Soviet Union to China. This paper focuses on the beginning of the ‘70s in the 20th century, on the “fraternal” Albanian-Chinese relationship seen from the political, social and economical aspects. This period would be the beginning of the cold era of the “ love” between two countries, and the foreign press would have in observation this relationship, where mainly the left oriented newspapers and magazines and not only presented very interesting articles. From this perspective, the Albanian-Chinese relationship was presented in the Austrian, Italian, French, Turkish, West German, American, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Soviet, East German, Chinese press. The pages of these newspapers and magazines reflected the great support that China had accorded to Albania, the industrial developments which the latest one had realised thanks to this support. It is noted the presence of the Chinese human resources in Albania and the social influence, the Albanian diplomatic war for the acceptance of China in the United Nation Organisation etc. Some objective articles, chronicles and reportages were continuously evaluating some truths on the beginnings of divergencies between Tirana and Bejing. Associating the China approach to USA with the Albanian scepticism, the Albanian discontent started to come to light in this aspect. In the press of the time, the Albanian-Chinese relationship started to be reflected as a friendly correct relationship, in the social and economic plan, but with some discrepancies in the ideological plan.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Ilir Sallata
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2022-11-28
publication date: 2022-11-28
starting page: 78
ending page: 83

Research on Consumers' Brain Activations by Means of Electroencephalography Method
type: item
description: Marketers are excited about two main reasons that are concerned with neuroelectrical brain imaging. The first reason is that they expect neuroimaging will offer a more efficient exchange between cost and benefit. This expectation is based on the assumption that consumers don’t want to express their preferences explicitly or that it is not possible for them to do this when their preferences are asked; or that consumer' s brain, which is related to real preferences, contains confidential information. Such information is used in theory to influence purchasing behavior. Thus, the cost of performing neuroimaging studies against improved product design and increased sales benefit is outweigh. As the second reason, marketers expect that they will be able to obtain an accurate marketing research method that can be applied even before an existing product. The purpose of this study is to determine the rational influence activation of consumers and to emphasize the deficiency of using traditional method of questionnaire based solely on declaration to understand consumers. Accordingly, volunteer subjects watched an advertisement film and their brain activities were tried to be measured while they were watching the advertisement. This measurement was performed with a 10 channel EEG device. During the research, the emotional responses of participants and their brain activities were measured and EEG patterns were obtained. The obtained data were interpreted by academicians and EEG experts.
subject: Articles
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subject: Array
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creator: Mahmut Tekin
creator: A.Selçuk Köylüoğlu
creator: Özdal Koyuncuoğlu
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2022-10-15
publication date: 2022-10-15
starting page: 70
ending page: 85
doi: 10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p313-322

Identity Issues: Turkish-Tatar Community in Dobrogea
type: item
description: Recognized as the area with the richest ethnic mosaic in Romania, Dobrogea can be a model of interculturality for the other geographical areas of the country, as there is a model of relationship that could be replicated in other regions where there is interethnic coexistence. As far as the communities in the south-eastern part of Romania are concerned, it should be noted that, over time, it has been noticed how most people associate the term "Dobrogea" with the label "seaside". It could be said that the overwhelming majority of tourists are more attracted by this idea (possibly 'delta'), 'beach', 'fun' than by getting to know the region, the local people, the history of this place, visiting cultural-historical sites. This is why Dobrogea remains for many Romanians "an unknown in their own home".
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Cristina Mihaela Alexe
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2023-01-11
publication date: 2023-01-11
starting page: 169
ending page: 172
doi: 10.26417/0v1p1p14

Post-migration Representations of Istanbul in Turkey’s Independent Cinema
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the representation of Istanbul in the Independent Cinema of Turkey. My study focuses on Istanbul not only because Istanbul presents an opportunity for micro-scaled analysis for Turkey, but also because of the fact that the cinema of Turkey being Istanbul-oriented. I focus on the major political and sociological turning points of Turkey and how all these transformations have altered the presentation of Istanbul in the movies of the same period. The migration remained to be one of those main turning points in people’s life and their conditions - in particular migration from rural to urban - on which this study is focused.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
creator: Zehra Yigit
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2022-10-15
publication date: 2022-10-15
starting page: 59
ending page: 69
doi: 10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p306-312