What Can We Learn from the Islamic Tradition About the Pandemic?

First of all, we must explain this, there is a big literature about pandemies in Islamic religious literature. So, there a lot of things we can learn about pandemy from Islamic literature. Once a day prophet Mohammed said that about pandemy, if there is a pandemy anybody doesn't go out form there, and if there ıs pandemy in anyplace outside don't go into that place untıll pandemy stops. This verse of prophet Mohammed tells us everything about pandemy. Beacuse this verse is about isolatıon. And also prophet Mohammed says cleanliness is the half of belief. And also he says cleanliness comes from beleif. So there are a lot of things in Islamic literature about pandemy that we can learn. So, we hope that we can tell some important points about pandemy approcah of Islam. We hope we can do some contributes about thıs subject. Of course, this ıs not the last word about this subjcet but it is a word about thıs subject that we can learn some important points form Islamic literature. 1


Introduction
In dictionaries there are many words which are related with pandemic. First word which related with pandemic is epidemic; it means outbreak, contagious and epidemic. And the other word with pandemic is epidemiology; it means the branch of modern medicine which is related with incidence and distribution. Anda there are epidemic diseases some of them are flu, influenza, grippe, cold, commmon cold, mumps, parotitis, cholera, malaria, ague, jungle fever, intermittent fever, marsh fever, varicella, chicken pox, swine pox, plague, pestillence, Black Death, pest, fowl pest. But all of these epidemic diseases does not mean that it is impossible to counterwork the distribution of these diseases. But some of these diseases are nor only epidemic but they are also pandemic, likewise cholera, malaria, ague, jungle fever, intermittent fever, marsh fever, varicella, chicken pox, swine pox, plague, pestillence, Black Death, pest, fowl pest. The diseases like cholera, malaria, ague, jungle fever, intermittent fever, marsh fever, varicella, chicken pox, swine pox, plague, pestillence, Black Death, pest, fowl pest are not only distributed in one country, they are distributed allover the world. We must konw that pandemic means a disease which is distributed all over the world. So now Covid -19 as the othername Choronavirus is distributed all over world. So, Choronavirus is a pandemic.
During the history there are many pandemics have seen all over the world. For example plague, pestillence, Black Death, pest, fowl pest. The first pandemic which is emerged in Europe in sixth century is the Plague of Justinian, and the other is Black Death, which is emerged in Europe in 1347 wtih Genoeses' arrival by following the sea route in Italy, it has been moved to Europe. Ibn Khaldun says that one year later after 1347 I have lost my father beacuse of the Black Death in 1348.
That is why we transferred the word to Ibn Khaldun because he is a Muslim Sociologist but he lived in Europe when he was a child. This means that pandemic not only affects not only Europe but it also affects whole the world and also the IsLamic world and Muslims. The people and the scholars who are listenning to me now, I think they know everything about the History of Pandemic of Europe. But we have to see that, there are many places and nations and religions on the earth that must ask question about this subject? What are the other nations and religions are doing about pandemic? Shah in 1078 during the four months sixth hundred thousand people have died. Duirng the first crusade and throughout the siege of Antakya in 1098 100.000 people died only form the Frank's army. In the period when Melik Mohammed, the ruler of the Danishmend, ruled Malatya, there had been an epidemic which killed first of all poultry then at the begining little children, and after a lot of people. In the period of Mesut the First, in 1153, during the Chukurova expedition, under the reign of Kılıcarslan the second, in the Seljuks army, following the famine, a plague emerged in Syria, Iraq, Diyarbakır and Ahlat. Because of the plague the people were unable to bury the bodies. Duirng the reign of Alaeddin Keykubad after the famine which emerged 1244 in Malatya and 1259 in Syria. Anatolia during the Mongolian sieges a plague emerged because of famine in Mardin and Silvan and it caused a great destruction." 1

Now by the time we have to ask this question
How can Muslims deal with or overcome pandemic during historical pandemic processes? We can explain these two questions in several numeric answers: First of all, there are verses from the Qur'an regarding cleaning and hygiene.
One of them is the verse of Maidah 6: Let's look, what the verse Maidah 6, tells us about celarness and hygen. "O you who have believed, when you rise to [perform] prayer, wash your faces and your forearms to the elbows and wipe over your heads and wash your feet to the ankles. And if you are in a state of janabah 2 , then purify yourselves. But if you are ill or on a journey or one of you comes from the place of relieving himself or you have contacted women and do not find water, then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and hands with it. Allah does not intend to make difficulty for you, but He intends to purify you and complete His favor upon you that you may be grateful." 3 In this version, Allah tells us to take ablution and to be cleaned before the prayer to himself. And a Muslim have to ablution five times in a day. And a person who takes ablution in a day, he or she could not be dirty, beacuse he or she washes the parts of his or her body five times in day os he or she could not be dirty. Washing some parts of the body five times in a day give a person spaciousness and roominess and reprieve that person during all of the day. So this spaciousness, roominess and reprieve protects you from stress and viruses and also choronavirus.
2-Second iti is very important in Quran that the things people eat in the daily life must be clean, not only celan but also halal 4 . Maidah 88 is about the cleanliness of the things we eat. "And eat of what Allah has provided for you [which is] lawful and good. And fear Allah, in whom you are believers." 5 And there are many other verses which tells us about cleanliness in Qur'an. 6 There are 49 verses in Qur'an which tells about clear and halal food. And there are 2 verses in Quran about body cleanliness. 7 So, cleanliness is very important in Islam.
3-And also prophet Mohammed has many hadiths about cleanliness. A few of them are these: 1-"Cleanliness is the half of the faith." 8 2-"Allah is clean, accepts only clean. Whatever Allah commanded his prophets, he commanded the beleivers. Allah Almighty to the Prophets, "O prophets eat things that are clean and halal, do good and usefull work. And to the beleivers " Oo you who beleive, Eat one of the clean ones of the susters we gave you." 1 3-"When a Muslim or beleiver takes ablution, while he is washing his face, his sins which he done with his face are poured with ablution water(or the last drop of water). When he washes his hands, the sins he commits with his hands are poured with ablution water(or the last drop of water). When he washes his feet, his sins which he has done with his feet flow through the ablution water (or the last drops of the water). Finally he will be completely free from all of his sins." 2 4-"When one of you will fast, open it with dates; because dates are abundant. If he cannot find dates; open his fast with water; because his water is clean." 3 5-"If a person takes ablution, and if he is cleaned as much as he can, and he crawls from his own special smell or the fregnance in his house and leaves his house as this way; does not enter between two people, then he performs his obligatory prayer on him; if he is silent and listens to him while reading the sermon, their sins from Friday are forgiven." 4 6-" If a person is cleaned beautifully in his house; and then goes to one of the houses of Allah; each of these steps will wipe out a sin; and the other step raises him one another degree." 5 7-"Whoever gets ablution on Friday; what it is good; especially he gets big ablution." 6 8-"If I had not worried about putting my ummah (or my people) into trouble; I would have ordered them to clean their teeth with miswak every time of prayer." 7 We can take these massages below about daily cleanliness from all these hadiths.
Cleanliness is the half of the faith.
Allah is clean, accepts only clean.
Ablution cleans the person in terms of two size; one size is material, and the other is spiritual.
Water is clean, poen your fast with water.
Taking ablution cleans you in terms of two size; one size is material, and the other is spiritual.
Cleaning beautifully and going the house of Allah; saves you form all sins, and gives you spiritual degrees.
Celaning your teeth gives you Lord's consent.
And also, Muslims cope wtih or overcome with the pandemic also by quarantine.
And also, there are some hadiths of Prophet Mohammed about quarantine in basic Hadith Books. Before we look to these quarantine hadiths, let's learn about what is quarantine and then let's look at these hadiths about quarantine. Quarantine is not to enter the place, human beings and animals, where the infectus disease is seen from outside, and also human beings and animals, is not to go out from inside, where the infectus disease is seen, to the outside. There is isolation in quarantine. The intact willnot come close to the sick. So protection is essential. The quarantine applicaiton started with the advice applicaitons of the Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him). It has forbidden others from entering and leaving the areas where infectious diseases are seen. Here, the Prophet (peace be upon him) has revealed that the diseases are not destiny and not bad luck. He also stated that we should be protected from these diseases. It has been seen that quarantine is mandatory in other parts of the world and has been started to be applied partially from the 14th century. Millions of people have died from infectious diseases. Quarantine started to be implemented by the World Health Organization since 1952. Now let's look at these hadiths about quarantine. One of these Hadiths is this.
1-"In the history of Islam, when Majesty Omar (God bless him) was the caliph, he was going to Damascus. It was learned that there was a Black Death or plague disease in Damascus. Abdurrahman bin Avf said to caliph Omar (God bless him) : Prophet Mohammed said that "Do not enter the place where there is plague or Black Death. If plague is seen in your place, do not leave there. 1 " At that time, Abu Ubeyde said to caliph Omar: "O Omar! Are you running away from Allah's accident?" Upon saying: -"Yes. I escape and beg from Allah's accident to his destiny." He gave the answer to Abu Ubeyde." 2 And the second hadith is on the below.
2-"If you hear that there is a plague somewhere, do not go there. If plague occurs at your location, do not leave." 3 And the third hadith is on the below: 3-"There is a danger of being close to the disease." 4 And the fourth hadith is on the below: 4-"Do not put the sick animal next to the flat, which is solid." 5 And the fifth hadith is on the below: 5-"Escape from leper as if escaping from the lion." 6 And the sixth hadith is on the below: 6-"Also about allegiance from the Sakif tribe coming to Madinah a leper in a delegation When he heard that he was there, he said, "Come back, We accepted your allegiance." is known to have sent." 7 .
As, it is understood from al these hadiths, Prophet Mohammed is the only and the first person, who advises quarantine and isolation against pandemic in the history. Now let's look at the history of Islamic Medicine. And then let's look about what did Muslim doctors except cleenliness and aquarantine in Islamic history against pandemies during the Islamic Medicine History.
"Islamic civilization revived the classical culture that descended almost everywhere in medieval times. The reason for this success is that it can adapt existing cultures and is open to all kinds of ideas. For example, more VIII. In the 19th century, Câbîr wrote that the universe would tear the secret of the glaze, create living and inanimate beings, at least this is theoretically possible. It is very important that he can express them at that time. Without being influenced by any religious official opinion, the knowledge has spread thanks to scholars who can conduct research in various languages. Thus, Islamic science gathered the sciences of the ancient world in itself, translated its works, added new information and transferred them to the West with the will that triumphed on the courage and a strong sense of self while choosing the useful elements." "The art of medicine, which is among the primary sciences (ulûmu'l-evâil) in Islamic culture, has developed in a short time. This movement took place in 2 stages:" 1 "Accepting Period: With the encouragement of religion, the ancient culture and medicine on which Islamic geography rested were adopted; Hospital and medical education in Cündişapur was taken as an example; Scientific books of Ancient Greek and Indian medicine were translated in Beytü'l-Hikmah, which was established in Baghdad during the Abbasid period, within 200 years." 2 "Creative Period: After learning ancient medicine information, with new medical knowledge obtained through observations and experiments, XII. In the 19th century, as the science historian Hartner put it, the idea of reliance on medieval fashion old authorities that would endanger the thought was abandoned, and the originality of scientific thought reached an unprecedented point until then. In this creative period, Muslim physicians dominated the world of scientific medicine for 600 years with their books. It has become. It is necessary to examine the institutions that reveal this brand new understanding of science and medicine in more detail." 3

Gundeshapur Medical School And Commencement of Medical Translations
"The city of Gundeshapur, founded by the Persian Sassanid ruler of Iran, [241-73] on the road connecting Sûs and Hemedan, has long been recognized as the science and art center of the region. Gundeshapur, where a large group of artists, scholars and workers in Syria, together with the prisoners, was placed in the war where the First Emperor destroyed the Roman emperor Valerian. It was also a shelter for the Nesturians expelled from Anatolia. Husrev I (Anûşirvân) [531-79] sent a delegation of culture to India and brought many Indian scholars to Gundeshapur. Doctors named Berziye and Sencehl, whose books were later translated into Arabic in Beytü'l-Hikmah, are two of them. Again in his period, the New Platonic teachers of Athens were accepted to this city after the academy was closed in 529. Thanks to the school founded by Husrev I, the city has become the science center of the region. Large physician families, who grew up in this region where Greek-Indian-Iranian medical knowledge was synthesized, have contributed greatly to the advancement of scientific medicine in Islamic civilization with the medicine and the medicine books they translated. After Iran came under Muslim rule in 638, the scientific institutions here were not touched, and scientists -especially physicians-were respected by the Abbasid dynasty, and physicians trained in Gundeshapur worked in the palace, and scientists in translation schools. "Although it is mentioned in some sources that the first Muslim hospital was built in 707 by the Umayyad Caliph Velid bin Abdülmelik in Damascus, this is a structure that was modeled by the Byzantine nosocomium and was established as a shelter for the lepers and the blind. The first full-fledged Islamic hospital was established in Baghdad in around 800, during the Abbasid period, by Hârûn ar-Raşîd and was managed by one of the Gundeshapur, physicians, Cibrâll bin Buhtişû. This hospital has set an example for other hospitals to be established in Baghdad and other major Islamic cities. IX-XVII. Between the centuries, many dharüşşifas were established in a wide geography from Andalusia to India, in Umayyads, Abbasids, Seljukies, Mamlukies, Ilkhanids, Timurids, Aqquyunlus and Ottoman countries." 5 "Among the first İslamic hospitals we can count, these are the below, 10-the hospital which is built in Baghdad in 982 by Adûduddevle who is one of the emirate of the emirates of Buvayhids which was named The Bimaristan of Adudi; 11-the hospitals which are built in Basra by a slave who is borught from Anatolia in the period of caliph Nasr li-Dinillah (1180-1225); 12-the hospital which is built in 957 by the one of the kings of Ikhshids Kafur which is named Maristani Kafuri, 13-and last hospital which is opened by Sinan bin Sabit who is the surgeon general of caliph Mukhtadir which is named the Bimaristan of Sayyidah." 1 "Other than these; it is known that; And from now on, we will try to tell about the second period because in this period Turkish physicians had kneaded the Turkish medicine knowledge and European medicine knowledge with Isamic medicine knowledge and they used this new medicine knowledge to built a new Turkish Islamic Medicine. And also they used this new medicine Turkish Islamic Medicine Knowledge in public service in the hospitals(Daru'sh-shifas) that Seljukies have built in Anatolia. Now let's look at these hospitals names. There are amny hospitals which Seljukies built in Anatolia. After we have explained about Turkish-Islamic Medicine and Hospitals in Anatolia in Middle Ages. Now let's look at he treatment methods whcih are used in these hospitals. There are many classical treatment methods which Muslim Physicians used in these hospitals. Of course we can not explain all the methods. But we think two of these methods are very important. Let's look at what are they.
One of them is using water and music in treatment of psychological illnesses. This method is called water and music treatment.
"Each substance has its own vibration (frequency). Our body also has a vibration frequency. The disease is the disruption of cellular vibration in the body. For treatment, the disrupted vibration needs to be rearranged. The two compatible frequencies interact with each other to form a "resonance". In physics, resonance is the event that the first vibration initiates a second vibration that is compatible with it. In order to benefit from the healing effect of sound on the body and mind, it is aimed to rearrange the distorted body rhythm with the frequency of the voice played from the outside, to a sick body whose rhythm (vibration) is impaired or to an organ that is vibrated. In the Seljuk and Ottoman Darushshifas, the patients were made to listen the music which was played together with the sound of water. The sounds of water rising from the fountain -which has sprikler around it-in the middle of the courtyard provided the patients to relax and calm, thus increasing the healing effect of music. We know that it is used in Gavhar Nasiba Hospital Darushshifa and also this music and water treatment is used in Edirne Bajazid II. Darushshifa." 3 And I leave the comparison to you about the treatment methods of Europe and Islamic Societies for healing phsycological illnesses in the Middle Ages.
And the other treatment method is healing pandemies by using thermae and healing hot waters and also by using hammams. In the Middle Ages there are many thermae and hammams in Anatolia. In the period of Turkey Seljuk State a hundreds of healing hot water resources nad thermae, which Homeros, Galenus and Strabon mentioned about them, have been used for healing the pandemic illnesses and many other new ones have been built. Let's look at the names of these thermae, hot water resources and hammams.
"According to one of the XIV. th century's writers, Omarî, there were more than 300 hot springs in Anatolia where the people went to find healing for various problems.
1-The most famous of these the thermal spring of Ilgın, which has been built by Alauddin Qayqubad, The Table of The Ship of Madness 2 is in above.
Turkish baths or hammams, which have been built by sultans and statesmen during the Seljuk period, have an important place among the Public Health Works. These hammams have like function for that societies like a Public Healthcare Centers. 1 The Table of Spring of Konya Ilgın 2 is in above.

Conclusion
As a result; we can say about Turkish-Islamic Medicine Tradition; Muslim and Turkish doctors coped with or overcome with the pandemies in historical period with three methods; 1.Firtsly, being clean all the time and taking care of being cleanliness all the time both in terms of body cleanliness and cleanliness of food as Quranic verses and the hadiths said.
2.Secondly, applying qauarantine and isolation seriously when a Pandemic occurs in a place as it is said in Prophet's hadiths.
3.And thirdly using thermae and hot water resources and hammams for healing pandemies like plague and leprosy.
And as we have seen that there was big difference in the comprehension of healing and treating the illnesses especially pandemies in the Middle Ages between Europe and Islamic Counties. Let's come to today. Now today this difference in comprehension we have seen again in the pandemic of Choronavirus. Because Turkey is more succesfull than other countires because of this three healing and treatment methods and also because of this different comprehension.